Hypertension vs. Hypotension: What’s the Difference and Why It Matters

Blood pressure is a vital indicator of your overall health. According to the American Heart Association, nearly half of U.S. adults have hypertension, or high blood pressure, yet many remain unaware of their condition until it causes serious problems. On the other end of the spectrum, hypotension, or low blood pressure, can also lead to concerning symptoms if left unmanaged.

At Epic Medical, we provide comprehensive family medicine, concierge care, and preventive health services in Pittsburgh, PA, with a commitment to helping patients understand and manage conditions like hypertension and hypotension. Our team offers guidance, monitoring, and treatment plans tailored to your lifestyle and health goals.

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In this blog, we’ll break down the difference between high blood pressure vs low blood pressure, explore their signs and causes, and explain why accurate diagnosis and ongoing monitoring are essential for your health.

Understanding Blood Pressure Basics

Blood pressure is measured with two numbers:

• Systolic pressure (the top number) measures the force when the heart contracts.
• Diastolic pressure (the bottom number) measures the force when the heart rests between beats.

Normal blood pressure generally falls between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg. Values consistently above or below this range may indicate hypertension or hypotension.

Hypertension: High Blood Pressure

Signs and Symptoms of Hypertension

Often called the “silent killer,” hypertension may not cause symptoms until damage is already occurring. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Headaches
• Nosebleeds
• Dizziness or blurred vision
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain in severe cases

Causes of Hypertension

Hypertension can be influenced by lifestyle and medical conditions, including:

• High-sodium diet
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Obesity
• Stress
• Excessive alcohol use
• Chronic illnesses like kidney disease or diabetes

Health Impact

Untreated hypertension significantly raises the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and vision loss. Over time, the strain on arteries and organs can lead to life-threatening complications.

Hypotension: Low Blood Pressure

Signs and Symptoms of Hypotension

Unlike hypertension, low blood pressure tends to present more immediate discomfort. Common hypotension symptoms include:

• Dizziness or fainting
• Blurred vision
• Fatigue and weakness
• Nausea
• Shallow or rapid breathing
• Confusion in severe cases

What Is a Dangerously Low Blood Pressure?

While “normal” varies by person, a reading below 90/60 mmHg may be considered dangerously low if it causes symptoms or reduces blood flow to vital organs.

Causes of Hypotension

Low blood pressure can result from:

• Dehydration
• Blood loss or severe infection
• Heart conditions (such as weak heart muscle)
• Endocrine disorders
• Certain medications (like diuretics, antidepressants, or Parkinson’s drugs)
• Pregnancy

Health Impact

Persistent hypotension may reduce blood flow to organs like the brain, heart, and kidneys, potentially leading to shock in extreme cases. While it may be less common than hypertension, it still requires medical attention if symptoms interfere with daily life.

Why Diagnosis and Monitoring Matter

Blood pressure fluctuates throughout the day, so a single reading isn’t enough for diagnosis. Consistent monitoring is critical to identify patterns and guide treatment. At Epic Medical in Pittsburgh, we use accurate diagnostic tools and personalized care to help patients understand their readings and risks.

Home monitoring is also encouraged. For best results:

• Measure at the same time daily
• Sit quietly for a few minutes before testing
• Avoid caffeine, alcohol, or smoking beforehand

Treatment Options for High and Low Blood Pressure

Managing Hypertension

Treatment often involves lifestyle adjustments, such as:

• Eating a heart-healthy diet (low sodium, rich in fruits and vegetables)
• Exercising regularly
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Limiting alcohol and managing stress

When lifestyle changes aren’t enough, medications like diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed.

Managing Hypotension

Care depends on the cause. Options may include:

• Increasing water and salt intake under guidance
• Adjusting medications
• Wearing compression stockings
• Eating smaller, more frequent meals
• Medications such as fludrocortisone or midodrine, in some cases

When to Seek Medical Advice

You should contact a healthcare provider if you notice:

• Repeated blood pressure readings above 130/80 mmHg
• Persistent symptoms of dizziness, fainting, or fatigue
• Chest pain, vision changes, or shortness of breath
• A sudden drop in blood pressure after standing up

At Epic Medical, our family physicians provide personalized care for both hypertension and hypotension. With services in family medicine, concierge membership care, and in-house physical therapy, we help patients manage chronic conditions, improve lifestyle habits, and prevent complications.

Your Path to Healthier Blood Pressure Starts Here

Understanding high blood pressure vs low blood pressure is the first step toward protecting your health. Both conditions can cause complications if left untreated, but with the right care, they can be managed effectively. At Epic Medical in Pittsburgh, PA, our providers, Dr. Eric Skvarla, DO, and Kristine Watson, FNP, are here to help you with accurate diagnosis, lifestyle guidance, and personalized treatment plans. Whether you’re managing hypertension, hypotension, or other chronic conditions, we provide the support you need to take charge of your health.

Ready to take control of your blood pressure? Contact Epic Medical at (412) 963-7350 or book an appointment online through our website.

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